Jab Namaz Ke Liye Wuzu Ya Tayammum Karna Mumkin Na Ho

Sawal- Agar koi bimaar ho aur wo apni jagah se uthne ke kabil na ho aur us dauran namaz ka waqt agaya ho aur uske liye uth kar wuzu karna mumkin na ho to woh namaz kaise ada kare?

Alhamdulillah..

Agar koi bimar shaks khade ho kar namaz na ada kar sake to use baith kar namaz ada karna chahiye; agar wo baith kar bhi namaz na ada kar sake fir use tek laga kar (lying on his side) namaz ada karna chahiye. Agar wo is tarha bhi namaz na ada kar sake to fir wo us tarha namaz ada kare jis tarha wo namaz ada karne ke qabil ho. 

Jo zaruri hai wo ye hai ki wo wuzu kare aur apne apko napaki se pak kare. Agar wo wuzu na kar sake to use Tayammum karna chaiye. Agar wo Tayammum bhi na kar sake ya napaki ko hata na sake fir usko usi haal me namaz ada karna chaiye jis haal me wo hai, kyuki Allah s.w.t. farmate hai,

"Pas Jitna Tum Se Ho Sake Allah Se Darte Raho ".

Surah Taghaabun (64), Ayat-16.

Iski aur Dalail niche di gai hai:

Rasool ﷺ ne Usayd ibn Hudayr aur un ke sath kuch dusre logon ko Aisha r.a. ka gumshuda haar (necklace) talaash karne bheja to namaz ka waqt ho gaya, aur unhone baghair wuzu hi namaz ada karli aur jab woh Rasool ﷺ ke paas wapas aaye to unhon ne iska zikr kiya, chunanche Allah Ta'la ne Tayammum wali aayat nazil farma di.

Is hadith ke baad Usayd ibn Hudayr, Aisha r.a. se farmate hai :

"Allah Ap ko jazaya khair ata farmaye, Allah ki qasam jab bhi koi aisa muamla pesh aaya jo Ap napasand karti thi, toh Allah ne is mein Musalmanoon aur Ap ke liye niklne ki raah bana di."

Narrated by Abu Awwaanah, 873; al-Tabaraani, 131. Also Narrated by  al-Bukhaari, 329; Muslim, 367 but with slight different wording.

Ye is baat ki daleel hai ki pani na hone ki soorat mein Tayammum se pahle akela pani hi Taharat karne ka zarya tha. Chunanche jab mitti bhi na mile jo ki pani se kam darje ki hai to ye zyada munasib hai ki bina tayammum ke namaz ada karna jaiz hoga.

Is se yeh bhi istedalal kiya jata hai ki : Taharat ke liye koi cheez na milne ki soorat mein chahe woh maujood hi na ho, ya fir usay laane ki istetaat aur qudrat na ho, ya fir maujood to ho lekin is ke istemaal ki istetaat aur taaqat na ho, in sab sooraton mein baghair Taharat kiye hi namaz ada krna jaiz hai.

Imam Bukhari r.h. ne is hadees par ye baab baandha hai :

"Baab idha lam yajid maa’an wa laa turaaban (Baab: Agar Na Pani Ho Aur Na Mitti Ho) "

۞ Ibn Rasheed kahte hai- 

"Goya ki musannif (Imam Bukhari) ne Tayamum ka mashuru (prescribe) na hone ko tayamum mashru hone ke baad mitti nah milne ki soorat par rakha hai, goya woh yeh kahna chahte hain ki Tahaarat wali cheez  jo ki us waqt sirf pani thi, (toh pani) na hone ka Hukm hamare is Hukm ki tarha hi hai ke Taharat wali dono cheeze yani mitti aur pani na hon to yahi Hukm hai.

Is liye hame malum hai ki ye hadith is baab ke liye mauzu hai (suited). Agarche Hadith me ye nahi hai ki unko mitti na mili balki hadith me ye hai ki unko pani na mila. Is me ye daleel paayi jati hai ki Taharat wali dono ashya na milne ki soorat me namaz ki adaigi wajib hai. Ye isliye kyuki Sahaba e karaam ne use wajib samajhte hue namaz ada ki aur agar us waqt namaz ada karne ki ijazat na hoti to RasooAllah ﷺ unke is amal par zarur tokte. Imam Shafi, Imam Ahmad aur jamhoor Muhaddiseen aur Imam Malik ke aksar ashaab ka yahi kahna hai."

Fath al-Baari, 1/440. 

۞ Ibn al-Qayyim farmate hai :

"Agar mitti na mile toh ye wo surat hai jisme tayammum lazim nahi hai aur in dono me koi fark nahi hai. Sahaba e karaam ne Tayammum mashru (prescribe) na hone ki bina par bagair Tayammum ke hi namaz ada ki thi toh fir agar kisi shaks ko tayammum karne ke liye koi chiz na milne ki surat me bagair tayammum ke namaz ada karle to iska hukm bhi un jaisa hi hoga kyuki uske pas wo chiz maujud nahi hai jisse Tayammum kiya ja sake.

Tayammum ki mashruiyat na hone me aur Tayammum ke liye mitti na milne me kya fark hai?

Qiyas aur sunnat ka taqaza ye hai ki agar kisi ko mitti na mile to wo apne haalaat ke mutabik namaz ada kare kyuki Allah ta'la kisi bhi nafs ko is ki istetat aur wusat se zyada bojh nahi dalta. Aur wo namaz namaz dobara bhi nahi padhega kyuki usne wahi kaam kiya hai jiska use hukm diya gaya tha.

Ye usi tarha hai jaise koi shaks khada na ho ya qibla ki taraf rukh na kare ya khud ko dhaanp (cover) na sake ya qirat na kar sake kyuki wo ye sab karne ke qabil na ho."

Haashiyat Ibn al-Qayyim ‘ala Tahdheeb Sunan Abi Dawood, 1/61.

۞ Shaykh Shawkaani farmate hai :

"Jaha tak is alfaz ka talluk hai ki "Unlogo ne bagair wuzu namaz ada karli". Mohakkeen ki ek groh jisme Imam Bukhari bhi shamil hai, unlogo ne pani aur mitti na milne ki surat me namaz ada karne ki wujoob par istedalal kiya hai halanki Hadith me ye nahi hai ki inhe mitti nahi mili thi balki hadith me ye hai ki inhe pani nahi mila tha.

Lekin us waqt pani na milna, pani aur mitti na hone ki tarha hi hai kyuki us waqt pani ke alawa koi cheez Taharat ke liye nahi thi.

Is wajah se ye istedalal hai ki unhone use wajib samajhte hue namaz ada ki thi aur agar us waqt namaz ada karna mamnu hota to Rasool ﷺ is par zarur tokte.

Imam Shafi, Imam Ahmad aur jamhoor Muhaddiseen aur Imam Malik ke aksar ashaab ka yahi kahna hai."

Nayl al-Awtaar, 1/337.

Is masle me Ulema e karaam ne yahi farmaya hai aur ye sabse sahih raaye hai.

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Aur Allah sabse behtar janta hai.