Taqleed Aur Sahaba Ka Tarika

Mai is article me Sahaba ki misaal dekar ye batana chahta hu ki jab bhi unko Quran ya Sunnat se koi masala bataya jata tha aur agar wo iske mutabik nahi hote the toh wo fauran ruju kar liya karte the, ye nahi kahte the ki itne bade-bade buzurg kaise galat ho sakte hai, ya tum itne bade sahaba se zyada jante ho, ya ye ki sahaba ko kaise galti lag sakti hai ? Nahi..! Wo fauran ruju kar liya karte the jaise ki Quran me aya hai:

Momino ki baat toh yahi hoti hai ke jab unhe Allah aur us ke Rasool ﷺ ki taraf bulaya jaata hai taake wo un ke darmiyan faisla kare to wo (momin) kahte hai, "Hum Ne Suna Aur Hamne Maan Liya". Aur yahi log qamyab hone waale hai.

Surah Noor (24), Ayat-51.
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Aiye ab ham sahaba e karaam ke daur me chalte hai aur dekhte hai ki Taqleed e shakshi yaani kisi ek shaks ki Taqleed karna, is par sahaba e karaam ka kya tarika tha:

1۞ Ammi Ayesha r.a. riwayat karti hai ki Abu Bakr r.a. apni qayam-gaah As-Sunh (jagah ka naam) se ghode par aaye aur aa kar utre, fir Masjid ke andar gaye.

Umar r.a. khade hue aur kahne lage, "Allah ki kasam! Allah ke Rasool ki wafat nahi hui hai" [Bukhari, hadith-3667]

Ap (Abu Bakr r.a.) ne (us waqt) logo se baat na ki. Is ke baad Ap Aisha r.a. ke hujre me aaye aur sidhe Nabi ﷺ ki taraf gaye, Aap ﷺ ka badan mubarak ek Yamani chadar se dhaka hua tha. Ap ne Rasool ﷺ ka chehra khola aur jhuk kar chehra mubarak ko chuma aur rone lage, fir kaha mere maa-baap Aap par qurban ho. Allah ki qasam! Allah Ta'ala Aap par Do (2) martaba maut taari nahi karenge. Jo ek maut Aap ke muqaddar me thi, woh Aap par taari ho chuki hai.

Hazrat Abu Bakr r.a. bahar aaye to Hazrat Umar r.a. logo se kuch kah rahe the.

Abu Bakr r.a. ne kaha ke Umar baith jao, lekin Umar r.a. ne baithne se inkaar kar diya. Itne mein log Umar r.a ko chor kar Abu Bakr r.a. ke pass aa gaye our Aap ne khutba e masnoon ke baad farmaya: Amma-ba'ad! Tum me jo bhi Muhammad ﷺ ki ibaadat karta tha to woh ye jaan le ke Aap ﷺ ki wafaat ho chuki hai aur jo Allah Ta'ala ki Ibaadat karta tha toh (wo jaan le ke) Allah zinda hai aur us ko kabhi maut nahi aayegi. [Fir Abu Bakr r.a. Quran ki ek Ayat tilawat farmayi]

Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya hai:

"...وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ"

Muhammad toh sirf Rasool hai, in se pahle bhi Rasool guzar chuke hai. Toh agar wo mar jaye ya katl kar diye jaye to kya tum ulte paao fir jaoge (kufr karoge)? Aur jo ulte paao fir jaye wo Allah ka kuch nukasan nahi kar sakega, lekin Allah shukrguzaaro ko badla dega. [Surah Imran, Ayat-144].

Ibn Abbas r.a kahte hai: Allah ki qasam! Aisa mahsoos hua jaise pahle se logo ko maloom hi nahi tha ke Allah Ta'ala ne ye ayat nazil ki hai jab tak ke Abu Bakr r.a ne is ki tilawat na ki aur sab ne un se ye ayat na sun li.

(Ab ye haal tha ke) Jo bhi (ye ayat) sunta tha wohi is ki tilawat karne lag jata tha.

(Fir) Umar r.a ne kaha : "Allah ki qasam Jis waqt maine Abu Bakr ko tilawat karte hue suna toh mere paawo mera bojh utha na sake aur usi waqt mai zameen par gir gaya jab maine us (ayat) ki tilawat suni ye ikrar karte hue ki Rasool ﷺ wafat paa chuke hai."

Sahih al Bukhari, Kitab al Maghazi (64), hadith- 4452, 4453.

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2۞ Sa'id kahte hai Umar ibn Khattab r.a. pahle kahte the ke Diyyat Katl kiye gaye logo ke kabeelo walon par hai aur Aurat apne shauhar ki diyyat se kuch bhi hissa na payegi, yahan tak ke Zahak ibn Sufyan ne unhe bataya ke Rasool ﷺ ne unhe likh kar bheja tha ke 'Ashyam Zubabi' ki biwi ko mai in ke shauhar ki diyyat mai se hissa dilau, to Umar r.a ne apne qawl se ruju kar liya.

Sunan Abu Dawud, Kitab Al-Fara'iz, hadith- 2927. Classed as Sahih by Albani.

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3۞ Ikrimah r.a. kahte hai ke Ali r.a ne kuch aise logo ko zinda jala diya tha jo Islam se murtad ho gaye the. Jab Ibn Abbas r.a. ko ye baat malum hui to unhone kaha: "Agar (Ali r.a ki jagah) mai hota to inhe qatal karta, kyunki Rasool ﷺ ka farmaan hai "Jo apne Deen ko badal daale use qatal kar dalo." Aur mai inhe jalata nahi kyunki Rasool ﷺ ka farman hai "Allah ke azaab (yaani jalana) jaisa azaab na do".

Fir is bat ki khabar Ali r.a. ko hui to unhone kaha, "Ibn Abbas Ne Sach Kaha."

Jamia Tirmizi, Kitab Al-Hudud, hadith-1458. Classed as Saheeh Hasan by Imam Tirmizi and Sahih by Shaykh Zubair Ali Zai.
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4۞ Sa`id bin Al-Musaiyab r.a. riwayat karte hai, Umar bin khattab r.a. Masjid mein tashreef laaye toh Hassaan r.a. shayari padh rahe the. (Umar r.a. ne shayri padhne ko na-pasand kiya) Is par Hassan ne kaha, "Mai isi Masjid me shayri padha karta tha un (RasoolAllah ﷺ) ki maujudgi me jo Ap se behtar the. Fir Hassan r.a. Abu Huraira r.a. ki taraf mude (turned) aur kaha ki Mai tumhe Allah ka waasta de kar puchta hu ki Kya Rasool ﷺ ko tum ne ye farmaate nahi suna tha ki 'Aye Hassan! (Kuffar Makkah Ko) meri taraf se (shayri me) jawab do, Aye Allah Roohul Quddus ke zarye Hassan ki madad kar. Abu Huraira r.a. ne kaha, "Ji Ha (maine ye suna tha)".

Sahih al Bukhari, Book of Beginning of Creation, hadith-3212.

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5۞ Salim bin Abdullah r.a. ne bayan kiya ki unhone Ahle Shaam mai se ek shaks se suna, wo Abdullah bin Umar r.a. se Hajj me Umra se fayda (Hajj e Tamattu) ke bareme puch raha tha. Toh Abdullah bin Umar r.a. ne kaha, "Ye jayz hai". Is par Shaami (sham ka rahne wala) ne kaha, " (Lekin) Apke ke walid (Umar r.a.) ne to isse roka hai?

Abdullah ibn Umar ne kaha, "Zara tum ye batao, agar mere walid kisi chiz se roke aur RasoolAllah ﷺ ne use kiya ho toh mere walid ke hukm ki pairwi ki jayegi ya RasoolAllah ﷺ ki, toh usne kaha, "RasoolAllah ﷺ ke hukm ki", toh unhone kaha, "RasoolAllah ﷺ ne aesa kiya hai".

Jamia Tirmizi, Kitab al Hajj, hadith-824. Classed as Sahih by Shaykh Zubair Ali Zai.
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6۞ Abdullah ibn Umar riwayat karte hai ki ek bar Umar r.a. ke bagal me ek shaks ki cheenk ayi (sneezed) aur fir usne kaha “Sari taareefe Allah ke liye hai aur salamti ho Mohammad ﷺ par”. Ye sunkar Umar r.a. ne kaha ki mai bhi Alhamdulillah Was-Salamu ‘Ala Rasulillah kahta hu (dusre mauko par) lekin ye wo nahi hai jo RasoolAllah ne (cheenk aane par) hame taaleem di hai. RasoolAllah ﷺ ne hame (cheenk aane par) “Al-Hamdulillah ‘Ala Kulli Hal” kahne ki taaleem di hai.

Al-Tirmidhi Hadith, Vol. 5, Book 41, Hadith-2738.

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7۞ Mujahid riwayat karte hai ki Ibn Abbas r.a. se marwi hai ki ek martaba wo Ameer Muawiya r.a. ke sath Baitullah ka tawaaf kar rahe the, Ameer Muawiya r.a. khana e Kabah ke tamam kono (corners) ko chhune lage, Ibn Abbas r.a. ne unse kaha ki Ap un Do (2) kono ko kyu chhu rahe hai jab ki  Nabi ﷺ ne un (kono) ko nahi chhua ? Unhone farmaya ki Baitullah ke kisi hisse ko chhora nahi ja sakta.

Is par Ibn Abbas r.a. ye ayat padhi ki tumhare liye Paigambar e Islam ﷺ ki zaat me behtareen misaal maujud hai. [Quran, 33:21]. Muawiya r.a. ne farmaya ki Ap ne sach kaha.

Musnad Imam Ahmad, volume-2, Hadith-1877.

Note: Kabah ke sirf 2 kono ko chhuna hi sunnat hai:

۩ Salim bin `Abdullah riwayat karte hai ki unke walid ne kaha, "Mai ne Nabi ﷺ ko sirf Do (2) Yamini kono (corners) ko chhute hue dekha hai."

Sahih Muslim, Kitab al Hajj, hadith-3062.

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Allah se dua hai ki wo hame Sahaba e karaam ne nakhsh e qadam par chalaye. aameen.