Qisto (installments) Par Samaan Lene Ke Ahkaam

Alhamdulillah..

Qisto me saamaan lene ka matlab ye hai ki ap saamaan ko pahle hi hasil kar le aur uski qeemat baad me ek hi baar me ya thoda thoda kar ke ada kare.

Qisto me len-den un masail me se hai jin ka is daur me hukm malum karne ka ahtimaam karna zaruri hai. Is liye ke dusri jung e azeem (2nd world war) ke baad qisto me muamla karna bahut aam hota ja raha hai.

Aaiye dekhte hai hamare Deen ne hame is bareme kya rahnumayi ki hai:

۩ Ayesha r.a. bayan karti hai ke Nabi ﷺ ne ek Yahudi se udhaar galla (food) khareeda aur us ke paas apni lohe ki dhaal girwi rakh di.

Sahih al Bukhari, kitab al buyu ﴾34﴿, hadees- 2068.

Yeh hadees qisto par udhaar saamaan khareedne aur bechne ki dalalat karti hai.

Agarche qist me khareed farokht ki daleel milti hai lekin is chiz me ulema e karaam me ikhtilaf hai ki kya qisto me saamaan ki qeemat se zyada paise dena ya lena jayz hai ya nahi yaani agar koi chiz 100 rupye ki hai toh qist me lene ke wajah se wo samaan ki qeemat 110 ho jaye, jo ki aam taur par hamare muashre me hota hai.

Bahut kam ulema is chiz ko haraam samajhte hai aur wo kahte hai ki yeh sood hai. Unka  ye kahna isliye hai kyuki is me qeemat zyada hai aur ye zyada qeemat, muddat (time-period) ke wajah se hai toh yahi sood kahlata hai .

Aur Jamhur (aksar) ulama e karaam jin me aimma arba (char imam) bhi shamil hai wo iske jawaaz (jayez hone) ke qayel hai.

۩ Hanafi mazhab me hai ke:

'Muddat ke aewaz qeemat badhana jayz hai.'

Badaa'i al-Sanaa'i, 5/187.

۩ Maliki mazhab:

'Zyada waqt ke liye qeemat me se kuch miqdaar badha kar rakhi ja sakta hai.'

Bidaayat al-Mujtahid, 2/108.

۩ Shafi mazhab:

'5 Nakad (cash), 6 taakheer ki adayegi ke barabar hai.'

al-Wajeez by al-Ghazaali, 1/85.

۩ Hambali mazhab:

'Deri keemat me kuch shamil kar deti hai.'

Fataawa Ibn Taymiyah, 29/499.

In ahle ilm ke dalail ye hai:

Allah ﷻ farmate hai,

۩ 'Allah ne tijarat ko halal kiya.'

Surah Baqarah ﴾2﴿, ayat-275.

Is ayat ka aam matlab me har tarah ki tijarat aati hai jisme taakhir adayegi ke tahat qeemat ko badhana bhi shamil hai.

۩ Aye logo jo eeman laye ho, aapas me ek dusre ke maal batil tareeqo se na khao, len-den hona chahiye aapas ki razamandi se.

Surah Nisa ﴾4﴿, ayat-29.

Is ayat ka aam matlab bhi isi taraf nishandehi karta hai ki ek dusre se tijarat karna jayz hai agar apas ki razamandi ho. Yaani agar khareedne wala shaks zyada keemat dene ko tayar hai taakhir ki adayegi ki wajah se toh len-den jayz hai.

۩ Jabir bin Abdullah r.a. riwayat karte hai ke maine Nabi ﷺ ko safar me ek oont (camel) becha tha. Jab ham Madinah pahunche toh Aap ﷺ ne farmaya ke masjid me ja kar do rakat namaz padh lo, fir Aap ne (oont ki keemat ko sone se) wazan kiya aur mujhe asal qeemat se zyada keemat ada ki.

Jabir r.a. mazeed kahte hai, 'Is me se kuch thoda sa mere paas tab se mahfooz tha. lekin shaam wale ( Yazeed ke lashkar) yaum e Harra ke mauqe par mujh se cheen kar le gaye.

Sahih al Bukhari, book of gifts ﴾51﴿, hadees- 2604.

۩ Shaykh ibn Baaz se muddat ke aewaz me qeemat zyada karne ke hukm ke mutalliq sawal kiya gaya toh unka ye jawab tha:

“Is muamla me koi harj nahi, is liye ke saamaan ke liye nakad ada karna aur taakhir me ada karne me farq hai, aur aj tak musalman is tarha ke muamlat karte aa rahe hai, is ke jayz hone par unki janib se yeh Ijma ki tarah hi hai, aur baaz ulema ne is par ajeeb raaye rakhi aur muddat ke aewaz qeemat zyada karne ko mana qaraar diya hai aur un ka gumaan hai ke yeh sood hai, is qawl ki koi bunyad nahi banti, aur na hi ye sood hai, is liye ke tijarat karne wale ne jab udhaar samaan farokht kiya toh woh muddat ki wajah qeemat zyada karke nafa haasil karne par muttafik hua aur kharidar bhi mohlat aur muddat ki bina par qeemat zyada dene par muttafik hua kyuki woh naqad qeemat ada karne ki istetaat nahi rakhta, toh is tarha dono fareeq is muamle se nafa haasil karte hai.

Nabi ﷺ se bhi is ka sabut milta hai jo is ke jayz hone par dalalat karta hai woh yeh ke Nabi ﷺ ne Abdullah bin Amr bin aas r.a. ko lashkar tayyar karne ka hukm diya, toh woh udhaar me ek oont ke badle do oont khareedte the [Sunan Abu Dawud, 3357], fir yeh muamla Allah subhana wa tala is farman me bhi dakhil hota hai:

'Aye eemaan walo! Jab tum aapas mein miyaad muqarrar tak ke liye karz ka len-den karo toh use likh liya karo (al-baqarah, 28).

Aur yeh muamla bhi jaiz qarzo me se hai aur is ayat mein dakhil hai aur yeh bay’ al-salam (forward buying ) ke tarah hi hai.” [khtam.]

Fataawa Islamiyyah, 2/331.

Mazeed ilm ke liye Dr. Rafeeq Yoonus al-Masri ki Bay’ al-Tasqeet ko padhe.

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