Alhmdulillah..
Baaligh hone se pahle chhote bachhe par roza rakhna wajib nahi kyuki Rasool ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
۩ Ayesha r.a. riwayat karti hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya, “Teen shakhs se qalam utha liya gaya hai, soye hue shakhs se yaha tak ke woh bedaar ho jaye, deewane (pagal) se yahan tak ke use aqal aa jaye, aur bachha se yaha tak ke woh baalig ho jaye.”
Sunan Abu Dawud, kitab ul hudud ﴾40﴿, hadees- 4398. (Sahih)
Lekin is ke bawujud bachhe ko roza rakhne ko kaha jaye taa ke woh roze ka aadi ban jaye, aur is liye bhi ke woh jo aamaal e saleha karta hai woh likhe jate hai.
Waledain ko chahiye ke woh bachhe ko us umar se hi roza rakhne ki aadat daalna shuru karwa de jis umar me woh roza rakhne ki taaqat rakhe, aur yeh umar bachhe ke jism aur banawat ke aetebaar se mukhtalif hoti hai, aur baaz ulama karaam ne is ki tahdeed karte hue das baras kaha hai.
۩ Ibn Qudamah kahte hai,
“Iska matlab us par roza lazim kiya jaye aur use roza rakhne ka hukm diya jaye aur agar roza nah rakhe to use maar kar saza di jaaye, taa keh woh roza rakhne ki mushakkat kar sake aur is ka aadi bane, jaisa ke use namaz ka bhi hukm diya jaye aur us par namaz ki adayegi lazim ki jaye, bachhe ko roza rakhne ka hukm dene walo ka maslak ikhtiyar karne walo me Ata’, al-Hasan, Ibn Sireen, al-Zuhri, Qatadah aur al-Shafa’i shaamil hai.
Aur Awzaai kahte hai:
'Jab bachha musalsal teen roze rakhne ki taaqat rakhta ho aur un ayyaam me kamzor aur dheela o sust nah ho toh us par Ramzan ke roze rakhne lazim kiye jaaye.'
Aur Ishaaq kahte hai, 'Jab bachha baara (12) baras ka ho jaye toh mai ye pasand karta hu ke use roza rakhaya jaaye taa ke woh is ka aadi ho jaye.'
Aur das baras ki umar ko motabar shumaar karna behtar hai kyuki Rasool ﷺ ne is umar me namaz ki adayegi na karne par maarne ka hukm diya hai, aur roze ko namaz ke sath hi motabar samajhna zyada behtar aur ahsan hai kyuke yeh ek dusre ke zyada kareeb hai, aur arkan e Islam me yeh dono badani ibadate ikhhatti hai, lekin yeh hai ke roza zyada mushaqqat ka ba'is hai is liye iske liye taaqat aur istetat ka motabar samjha gaya hai, kyunke ho sakta hai baaz auqaat namaz ki adayegi ki istetat rakhne wala shakhs roza rakhne ki istetat nahi rakhta.” [alfaz khatm]
Al-Mughni, 4/412.
۩ Shayk ibn Uthaymeen kahte hai,
Chhote bachhe par baligh hone tak roze rakhne lazim nahi, lekin jab woh roze ki takat rakhe toh use roza rakhne ka hukm diya jaa sakta hai agar woh roza rakh sake, taake wo is ka aadi ban sake, aur balogat (puberty) ke baad us ke liye roza rakhna aasaan ho sake. Sahaba e karaam r.a. jo ke is ummat ke behtareen log the, bachpan me hi apne bachho ko roza rakhwaya karte the
Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 19/28, 29.
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