Sadaqah ki Fazilat

Alhamdulillah..

Farmaan e baari taala hai,

۩ Aye eemaan waalo! Jo kuch ham ne tumhe diya hai usme se woh din aane se pahle Allah ke raaste me kharch kar lo jis din na koi tijarat hogi, aur na hi dosti kaam aayegi, aur na sifarish, aur kafir hi zalim hai.

Surah baqarah, ayat- 254.

Aur ek muqam par Allah s.w.t. ne farmaya,

۩ Jo log Allah ke raaste me apna maal kharch karte hai un ki misaal aesi hai jaise ek dana saat baaliya (corn) ugaaye (aur) har baaliyo me sau (100) daane ho. Aur Allah jis ke liye chahta hai (sawab me) kayi guna izafa kar deta hai. Allah bahut wusat wala (aur) bada ilm wala hai.

Jo log apne maal Allah ke raaste me kharch karte hai, fir kharch karne ke baad na ahsaan jatlaate hai aur na koi takleef pahuchate hai, woh apne parwardigaar ke paas apna sawab payenge, na un ko koi khauf hoga aur na koi gham pahuchega.

Surah baqarah, ayat- 261, 262.

Aur ek muqam par Allah taala ne is tarha farmaya hai,

۩ Aye eemaan waalo! Jo kuch tum ne kamaya ho aur jo paidawaar ham ne tumhare liye zameen se nikali hai us ki achhi cheezo ka ek hissa (Allah ke raaste me) kharch kiya karo, aur yeh niyat na rakho ke bas aesi kharab kism ki cheeze (Allah ke naam par) de diya karoge jo (agar koi dusra tumhe de toh nafrat ke maare) tum use aankhe meeche bagair na le sako. Aur yaad rakho ke Allah aisa be-niyaz hai ke har kism ki tareef usi ki taraf laut ti hai.

Surah baqarah, ayat- 267.

Aur ek jagah farmaan e baari taala hai,

Eeman laao Allah aur uske Rasool par aur kharch karo un cheezo me se jin par usne tumko khalifa banaya hai. Jo log tum me se eeman layenge aur maal kharch karenge unke liye bada ajar hai.

Surah al hadeed (57), ayat- 7.

۩ Abu Hurairah r.a. bayan karte hain ki Rasool ﷺ ne farmaya,

Jis ne pakiza ek khajur ke kamaai ke barabar sadaqah kiya, kyuki Allah taala pakiza ke alawa kuch qubool nahi karta, Allah taala use apne daaye haath se qubool farmata hai, fir use kharch karne waale ke liye us ki aise parwarish karta hai jis tarha tum me koi apne ghodi ke bachde ki parwarish karte ho, hatta ki woh pahaad ki manind ho jata hai.

Sahih al bukhari, kitab uz zakat (24), hadees- 1410.

۩ Abu Hurairah r.a. bayan karte hai ki Rasool ﷺ ne farmaya,

Har din me subah ke waqt do (2) farishte nazil hote hai, un me se ek kahta hai, Aye Allah kharch karne wale ko (nek) badla de, aur dusra kahta hai, Aye Allah maal ko rok kar rakhne waale ko tabah karde.

Sahih al bukhari, kitab uz zakat (24), hadees- 1442.

۩ Abu Saeed khudri r.a. bayan karte hai ke eid ul fitr ya eid ul azha ke din Nabi ﷺ Eidgaah ki taraf nikle aur fir waha logo ko waaz o nasiyaat farmaya aur inhe sadaqah o khairaat karne ka hukm dete hue farmaya,

'Logo! Sadaqah kiya karo.'

Aur aurto ke paas se guzre toh farmaya,

'Aye aurto ki Jamaat! Sadaqah kiya karo, kyuki maine dekha hai ki tumhari tadaad aag me sab se zyada hai.'

Aur jab Nabi ﷺ apne ghar tashreef le gaye toh ibn Masood r.a. ki biwi Zainab r.a. andar aane ki ijazat mangne lagi, toh Nabi ﷺ ne arz kiya gaya ke Zainab r.a. aayi hai, toh Rasool ﷺ ne daryaft kiya ki kaun si Zainab?

Toh kaha gaya ki ibn Masood r.a. ki biwi, Rasool ﷺ ne farmaya, Haa! unhe ijazat de do, toh unhe andar aane ki ijazat de di gai,

Woh kahne lagi, Aye Allah ke Nabi ﷺ Aap ne aaj sadaqah o khairaat karne ka hukm diya hai, aur mere paas mere zewar hai, mai use sadaqah karna chahti hu, toh ibn Masood ka khayal hai ki woh aur unki aulaad is sadaqah ke zyada mustahiq hai, toh Rasool ﷺ ne farmaya,

Ibn Masood r.a. ne sach kaha hai, tumhare khawand aur tumhari aulaad kisi dusre par sadaqah karne se zyada haqdaar hai.

Sahih al bukhari, kitab uz zakat (24), hadees- 1462.

۩ Abu Hurairah r.a. riwayat karte hai ki Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaya,

'Har din jis me suraj tulu hota hai, insaan ke har ek jod (joint) par sadaqah lazim hota hai. Fir agar woh insano ke darmiyaan insaaf kare toh yeh bhi ek sadaqah hai aur kisi ko sawari ke muamle me agar madad pohchaye, is tarha ke use us par sawaar karaye ya us ka saamaan utha kar rakh de toh yeh bhi ek sadaqah hai aur achhi baat munh se nikalna bhi ek sadaqah hai aur har qadam jo namaz ke liye uthta hai woh bhi sadaqah hai aur agar koi raaste se kisi takleef dene waali cheez ko hata de toh woh bhi ek sadaqah hai.'

Sahih al bukhari, kitab ul jihad (56), hadees- 2989.

۩ Abu Hurairah r.a. bayan karte hai ke Rasool ﷺ ne farmaya,

'Allah taala ka farmaan hai,- 'Aye ibn Aadam kharch kar mai tujh par kharch karunga.'

Sahih al bukhari, kitab al nafaqaat (69), hadees- 5352.

Wa Allaho aalam.

Allah se dua hai ki wo hame zyada se zyada sadaqah karne ki taufeeq ate kare. aameen.

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Related:

۩ Gair-Muslim ko Sadaqah dena
۩ Bhai ya Bahen ko Zakat dena

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Sone aur Chandi Par Zakat

Sona, chandi aur rupye (currency) pe zakat farz hone ki 3 (teen) sharte hai:

● Maal Nisaab ko Pahunchta ho.
● Ek qamri (lunar) saal is maal pe guzar jaaye.
● Maal zakat dene wali ki malkiyat (possession) me ho.

Agar in maise koi ek shart bhi puri na hui toh us par zakat farz nahi hogi.

۞ Sone Par Zakat

۩ Nisaab

Sone ka nisaab 85 gram ya 7.5 Tola sona hai. [20 mithqaalan] (1 mithqaal = 4.25 grams).

۩ Sone Par Zakat Kaise Ada Kare?

Jitne sone ki ap malik hai, agar wo nisaab se zyada hai aur us par 1 qamri saal guzar chuka hai toh apko uska 2.5% dena hai.

Keemat is tarha taye kare ki sona kitni keemat par ap bazaar me bech sakti hai, agar ap ise bechna chahe.

Misaal ke taur par, agar apke pas jo sona hai, wo bazar me 100000 rupye ka bikega, toh apko iska 2.5% yaani 2500 rupye zakat ke taur par ada karna hoga.

۩ Tola Aur Gram Me Fark

1 tola ka 11.663815 gram hota hai. Agar apko apne sone ke tole ko gram me badalna hai to yaha click kar ke ap dekh sakte hai ki apka total sona kitne gram ka hai.

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۞ Chandi Par Zakat

۩ Nisaab

Chandi ki nisaab 595 gram ya 52.5 Tola hai. (1 dirham = 2.975 gram).

۩ Chandi Par Zakat Kaise Ada Kare?

Jitne chandi ki ap malik hai, agar wo nisaab se zyada hai aur us par 1 qamri saal guzar chuka hai toh apko uska 2.5% dena hai.

Keemat is tarha taye kare ki chandi kitni keemat par ap bazaar me bech sakte hai, agar ap ise bechna chahe.

Misaal ke taur par, agar apke pas jo chandi hai, wo bazar me 100000 rupye ka bikega,, toh apko iska 2.5% yaani 2500 rupye zakat ke taur par ada karna hoga.

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 Iske mutallik ek sawal 

Khadija ki shadi 6 maheene pahle hui. Use Shadi me 10 Tola (113.4 grams) sona or 60000 qeemat ki chandi mili? Khadija ko kitni zakat deni hogi?

 Jawab: 

Khadija par zakat farz nahi hui kyuki uske sone aur chandi par abhi ek saal nahi guzra hai.

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Related:

۩ Agar Sone Ke Alawa Koi Cheez Ki Milkiyat Nahi, To Kya Sona Farokht Karke Sone Ki Zakat Ada Ki Jayegi?

۩ Kya Zewar Ki Zakaat Me Naye Soone(gold) Ki Qeemat Lagayi Jayegy Ya Istemaal Shuda Sone Ki?

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Gair-Muslim Ko Sadaqah Dena

en     ur  -

Sawal: Gair Muslim ko sadaqah dena ya unki maali madad karna kaisa hai?

Alhmdulillah :

Gair-Muslim gareeb ya miskeen ko nawafili sadaqat o khairaat dena jaiz hai aur khaas kar jab woh  rishtedaar ho lekin shart ye hai ke woh hamare khilaaf jang karne walo me shaamil na ho, aur un me se kisi ne aesi ziyadati na ki jis ki bina par un ke sath ahsaan karna mamnoo thahre, aur farz ki hui zakat inhe dena jaiz nahi hai.

Kyuki Allah ﷻ ka farmaan hai:

Jin logo ne tum se Deen ke baare mein ladaai nahi kari aur tumhe jila-watan nahi kiya un ke sath husn e suluk karne aur insaf ke sath bartao karne se Allah tala tumhe nahi rokta, balke Allah tala toh insaaf karne walon se mohabbat karta hai.

Allah taala tumhe sirf un logon se mohabbat karne se rokta hai jinhone tum se Deen ke baare me ladai kari aur tumhe jila-watan kiya, aur jilaa-watan karne walo ki madad ki, jo log aise kuffaar se mohabbat kare woh qatan zalim hai.

Surah Mumtahinah (60), ayat 8-9.

Note: Jila-watan ka matlab kisi ke watan se usko nikalna.

Asma bint abi Bakr r.a. bayan karti hai, "RasoolAllah ﷺ ke zamane me ek baar meri walida mere paas aayi jo ki Mushrik thi. Toh maine Rasool kareem ﷺ se daryaft kiya: Aye Allah ke Rasool ﷺ mere paas meri walida ayi hai aur wo madad talab karne aayi hai, toh kya mai un ke sath sila rahmi karu? Toh Rasool ﷺ ne farmaya: Haa ! Unse sila rahmi karo."

Sahih al Bukhari, book of gifts, hadith - 2624.

Aisha r.a. bayan karti hai ek Yahudi aurat ne unse bheek manga toh unhone use de diya, to woh yahudi aurat kahne lagi: Allah taala ap ko aazaab e qabar se mahfooz rakhe, toh Aisha r.a. ne unhe ajeeb samjha, jab unhone Nabi ﷺ ko dekha to iske bareme unse pucha.

Toh Rasool ﷺ ne farmaya: Nahi.

Aisha r.a. kahti hain: Fir Rasool ﷺ ne is ke baad hame farmaya ke unki taraf wahee (revelation) aayi hai ke tum apni qabro me azmaish aur fitnah me daale jaoge.

Musnad Imam Ahmad, hadith - 24815.

To ye dono hadees kafir ko nawafili sadqa ya khairaat ya madad dene ke jawaz par dalalat karti hai.

Imam Shafi (tabe-tabaeen) r.h. kahte hai:

"Nafli sadaqa o khairaat maise mushrik ko dene me koi harj nahi, lekin farz kiya hua (zakat) me iska koi haq nahi, aur Allah tala ne aise logon ki tareef bayan karte hue farmaya hai:

Aur woh Allah tala ki muhabbat me khana khilate hai miskeen, yateem aur qaidiyo ko. [al-Insaan 76:8]"

Kitab al Umm, jild-2.

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Kya Fitranah Ki Adaegi Karte Waqt Koi Dua Hai ?

Alhamdulillah..

Hamare Ilm ke mutabik to koi aesi dua nahi jo fitranah ada karte waqt ki jaye.

Aur Allah ta'la hi taufeek bakhsne wala hai.

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Standing Committee for Academic Research and Issuing Fatwas

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Zakat al Fitr Kise Ada Kiya Jaye ?

Fitrana gareeb Musalmano ko diya jayega chahe woh (sakht) gunahgaar hi kyu na ho jab tak ke uska wo gunah use Islam se kharij na karta ho.

(Fitrah ke talluq se) Gareeb se murad wo hoga jo zahiri halat se gareeb dikhe chahe wo asal me maaldaar hi kyu na ho.  

Fitrana dene wale ko chahiye ke wo apni istetat ke mutabik acche (nek) gareeb logo ko talash karne ki koshish kare jis had tak mumkin ho sake, aur agar fitrana lene ke baad ye zahir ho jaye ke wo maal-daar tha to isse (Fitrana) dene wale (ke neki) par koi fark nahi padega balke wo apne faraez se ada ho gaya hai.

Aur Allah hi taufeek dene wala hai.

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Standing Committee for Academic Research and Issuing Fatwas.

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Bhai Ya Bahen Ko Zakat Dena

Agar isse murad nawafil sadqa hai to ye ap apni bahno ko ghar ke kharche ke liye de sakti hai kyunki sadqa me bahut si cheeze shaamil hain.

Lekin agar is sadqe se murad (farz) Zakat hai to fir ye baat kabile tafseel hai jo niche bayan ki gai hai:

Bahen-bhai agar gareeb ho aur ap par un ka kharch wajib na ho to inhe zakat di ja sakti hai, kyunki ap un ki waris nahi hai, ya kyuki ap un ke akhrajaat (zarurato ko) bardasht karne ki istetat na rakhti ho.

Isi tarhan bahen bhaiyo par agar qarza (debt) ho toh inhe Zakat di ja sakti hai agar wo khud se qarz na ada kar sakte ho, chahay un ka kharch ap par wajib ho ya nahi kyunki qarze ki adaigi kharcha bardasht karne wale ke zimma nahi hoti.

Shaykh Muhamamd al-Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen se isi ke talluq se ek sawal pucha gaya, jiske jawab me wo ye farmate hai,

"Ap ka ye sawal ki agar ap ka sautela bhai (half brother) ya sagi bahen (full sister) ho to kya inhe Zakat dena jaiz hai. Iska jawab yeh hai ke Agar ap ke zakat dene ki wajah se ap par wajib karda cheez saaqit (waive) hoti ho maslan iska nafqah (zarurat ke kharch) ap par wajib hai, aur ap use zakat de taake is par kharch karne se apna maal bacha sake to ye jaiz nahi kyuki zakat maal ke bachao ka zarya nahi ho sakta, aur agar ap ke zakat dene se wajib kardah cheez saqit nahi hoti maslan ap ke zimma is ka kharcha wajib hi nahi tha, kyuki ap is ke waris nahi hai ya yeh ke apne khandan (family) ke sath ap is par bhi kharch karne ki istetat nahi rakhte, ya woh karz ki adaegi ki istetat nahi rakhta toh is qarz ko ada karne ke liye ap use apni zakat de sakte hai, balke ye kisi dusre ko dene se afzal aur behtar hai kyuki use dena ek to sadaqa aur dusra sila-rahmi hai." End quote.

Majmoo’ Fataawa Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 18/422, 423.

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Wo Gareeb Jo Zakat Ke Mustahiq Ho

Alhamdulillah..

۞ Pahli Baat:

Allah ne Quran e kareem me unka zikr kiya hai jinhe Zakat diya ja sakta hai:

Sadaqa (Zakat) to darasal fakeero aur miskeeno ke liye hai aur un (zakat) ke wusul karne walo ke liye jo is (sadaqat ke) kaam par muqarrar hai aur unke liye jinka dil rakhna matlub hai, aur gulam aur laundiyo ko aazaad karne ke liye aur karzdaro ke karz utarne ke liye aur Allah ke raste me aur musafir ki imdaad me, ye ek fareeza hai Allah ki taraf se, aur Allah ilm wala, hikmat wala hai.

Surah Tawbah, Ayat-60.

Gareeb wo hai jiski koi aamdani (income) na ho, ya jiski aamdani toh ho lekin wo unki zarurato ke liye kaafi na ho.

Aur ye waqt, jagah aur khandan (family) ke hisab se mukhtalif hoti hai. Lekin kuch log aese hote hai jin par sab log muttafik hai ki wo zakaat ke mustahiq hai kyuki unki aamdani boht kam hai.

Fuqaha kahte hai: Gareeb, jo zakat ka mustahiq ho wo hai jo itna nahi kama sakta ki khud ki aur apne khandan (family) ki zarurate puri kar sake.

Agar koi shaks tankhwah paata hai, to hame uske salana (annual) aamdani ko dekhna hoga aur ye dekhna hoga ki uski salana zarurate kitne (rupyo) ki hai. Misaal ke taur par agar wo saal bhar me Paanch hazaar rupye kama raha hai lekin usko apni aur apne ghar walo ki zarurate puri karne ke liye Das hazaar saal ke chahiye toh wo gareeb aur zaruratmand hai kyuki jitni usko zarurat hai uske mutabik uske pas sirf aadhi kamayi hi hai.

Dekhe: al-Sharh al-Mumti’ (2/672).

Isi tarha agar usko zarurat hai 6000 ki lekin wo sirf 5000 kama raha hai, tab bhi wo zakat ka mustahiq hai.

Ye bhi ho sakta hai ki uske aur uske family ki zarurato ke liye kafi (kamayi) hai lekin wo karzdaar hai aur wo karz ko ada karne ki haisiyat me nahi hai. To use utni zakat de deni chaiye jisse wo karz ada kar sake.

Ya fir ye ho sakta hai ki uske liye khana-pine aur rahne ke liye kaafi ho lekin uske pas shadi karni ke liye itni rakam (money) na ho toh use bhi zakat diya ja sakta jitne paise se wo shady kar sake.

۞ Dusri Baat:

Agar koi ek Nau-Muslim (new-muslim) ho aur wo qaid-khane (Jail) me ho toh isko bhi zakat di ja sakti hai agar wo gareeb ho ya karzdar ho.

Agar uske pas (zarurat ya zarurat se zyada) kamayi ka zarya ho fir bhi use zakat di ja sakti hai, agar usko ye zakat dena uske dil ko mayil (attract) kare aur uske eeman ko mazbut kare aur use Islam me sabit-qadam bana de, khususan agar wo aham ya mashhoor ho apne logo me aur usse (zakat dene se) jo log uske sath me ho unke dil ko mayil karne ka sabab bane. Allah ne zakat ka ek hissa unlogo ko diya hai jinke dil Islam ki taraf mayil hai.

۞ Teesri Baat:

Iski ijazat hai ki zakat se kisi gareeb ke bills jiski adayegi karni baaki ho ada kar diye jaye [to give charity to pay utility bills that are due] kyuki zakat ki gunjaish kafi wasee hai [charity is broad in scope].

Iski bhi ijazat hai ki kisi ke bills ki adayegi kar di jaye agar wo ise ada na kar sakta ho kyuki bills ada na kar paane ka matlab ye hai ki wo karzdaar hai.

۞ Chauthi Baat:

Koshish kare ki zakat ki rakam un tak pohche jinhe iski sabse zyada zarurat hai aur jo sabse zyada iske mustahiq ho.

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Rishtedaro Ko Zakat Dena

hi    

Alhamdulillah..

Jo rishtedar zakat ke mushtahik hai unko zakat dena zyada behtar hai iske banisbat ki jo log apke rishtedar na ho kyuki rishtedaro ko zakat dena sadaqa aur sila-rahmi dono hai.

۩ Salman bin Amir r.a. riwayat karte hai ki RasoolAllah ﷺ ne farmaya, "Kisi Gareeb ko sadaqa dena to (aam;common) sadaqa hai lekin ristedaro ko sadaqa dena (2) chize hai, ek to sadaqa aur dusra sila-rahmi."

Jamia Tirmizi, kitab az zakat (7), hadees- 658. Ise Darussalaam ne sahih karaar diya hai.

Lekin agar ye rishtedar un maise ho jinpar apka kharch karna apke zimme lazim ho aur Ap unhe zakat dekar apna maal bachaye toh ye jaiz nahi hai.

Lekin agar ap ka maal un par kharch karne ke liye kaafi na ho to fir ap inhe zakat bhi de de to is me koi harj nahi, aur isi tarha agar woh logo ke karzdaar (in debt) ho aur ap apni zakat se un ka karz ada kare to is mein bhi koi harj nahi.

Kyuki karz ki adaegi kisi rishtedar ke zimme nahi hoti toh is tarha uski karz ka apke zakat (ke paise) se ada karna jayz hoga hatta ke agar wo apka beta ya walid ho aur unhone kisi se karz liya ho aur wo ise ada na kar sakte ho to apke liye jaiz hai ki apni zakat se wo karz ada karde.

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Fatawa al-Shaykh Muhammad al-Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen, 1/461.

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Zakat Al Fitr Ke Mutallik Kuch Sawalaat

1۝. Sawal:  Mujh par kitni zakat nikalna zaruri hai ? Mere paas Bank me taqreeban 1500 Dinaar hai.

Sab se pahle ye zaruri hai ke zakat ul Fitr (Fitrana) Jo ke Ramzan ke aakhir me hota Hai,aur Mali-Zakat main farq Hai; Fitrana har Musalman par wajib Hai,aur ise unlogon ki taraf se ada karne padenge Jin ka naan wa nafqa iske zimme hai, aur ye Eid ke din ya Eid ki raat (chand raat) me apni aur ahal-khana (Family) ki zaruriyaat se faazil hone wale anaaj me se har fard ki taraf se aik saa Diya jayega.

Chunanche Fitrana wajib hone ke liye makhsus maal jama hone ya is par saal guzarne ki shart nahi lagai jati, jaise ke maal ( sone,chandi,naqdi) ki zakat me lagayi jati Hai.

Is tarah Fitrane ka kisi shakhs ki milkiyat me moujud jayedaad, ya rupya Paisa ke sath koi taaluq nahi hai, kyunki insan Fitrana apni taraf se ya jinka kharcha iske zimme hai sirf uski taraf se ada krta Hai.

2۝. Sawal: Mai kis kis ki taraf se zakat-ul-fitr ada karunga, kya apne walid sahab ki taraf se bhi ada karunga ?

Aapke sawal ke mutabiq Aap apni taraf se, biwi, bete, aur walid ke pass maal ki adam moujudgi me unki taraf se bhi Fitrana ada karenge.

Jab ke is baat par sab ka Ijmaa hai ke shikam e madar (Jo bachha pet me hai; foetus ) me moujud bachche ki taraf se fitrana wajib nahi hai, lekin agar phir bhi Ap shikam e madar me moujud bachche ki taraf se bhi ada kar den to is me koi harj nahi.

3۝. Kya yeh mumkin hai ke zakat naqdi ki shakal me na ho, balke mai naqdi se ek janwar lekar inke darmiyaan taqseem kardoon ?

Fitrane ke liye Aap apne ilaqe me aam taur wale Anaaj aur khaye jane wala Anaaj dein.

Chunanche Shaikh Abdul Aziz bin Baaz rahimullah kahte Hai:

"Sahih al Bukhari aur Sahih Muslim me Abu saied khudri Raziallahu anhu be se marwi hai ke wo kahte hai ke: "Hum Nabi ﷺ ke zamane me (ta'aam) khane ka aik saa, ya khajuron ka aik saa, ya Jao ka aik saa, ya kishmish ka aik saa (fitrane me) dete the"

Bohot se ahle ilm me Hadith me mazkur "ta'aam" se muraad har wo cheez li hai jise kisi bhi ilaqe ke log batour khurak (us ilake ka aam khurak) istemaal karte hon, chahe gandum ho, ya makai ho, ya baajra, ya koi aur cheez, "ta'aam" ka yahi maani durust Hai.

Kyunki Fitrana ameer logon ka gharib tabqe me sath izhare hamdardi Hai, aur kisi bhi musalman par ye wajib nahi hai ke izhare hamdardi gair-ilaqi giza se kare." End quote

Shaikh Ibn e Taymiyya rahimullah aur Shaikh Uthaymeen rahimullah wagaira ne bhi isi maani ko pasand kiya hai.

Chunanche isse malum hota hai ke Fitrana aam ghizai ajnaas se ada kiya jayega, naqdi ki shakal me nahi diya jayega. Jaise ke sawal me zikr kiya gaya hai,is liye fitrane ke liye naqdi ka koi mutbadal (uske badle) bhi nahi diya ja sakta.

Chahe zakat ul Fitr (fitrana) ho, ya Maali zakat, zakat ada karne wale ka ye haq nahi banta ke apni zakat me man-maniyaa karte hue Fuqra (jise zakat diya ja raha hai) ke liye khud hi kharidariyan shuru kar de, aur is se ghosht, kapde,ya digar zaruriyaat ki ashya kharid le.

4۝. Sawal: Zakat ul Fitr kin ko di jasakti hai? Kya mai apne ek dusre Mulk me muqeem ahel khana ko bhi bhej sakta hoon, kyunki inke halaath wahan kuch zyada mushkil hai.

Zarurat ke waqt fitrana ya zakat apne mulk me rishtedaron ke pass bhi bheja ja sakta hai, is me koi harj nahi, balke Fitrana Mulk se bahar bhejna is waqt mazeed zaruri ho jata hai jis waqt jis mulk me log mazduri ki garz se jaye aur wahan ke logon ki aksiriyat aasudah aur khushaal ho, jab ke khud iske apne mulk ke log bhook payas aur tangi me moujud ho.

Aur inme se aksar log apne mulk me moujud fuqra ke bare me achchi tarah jante hai, aur Jahan mazduri ka mouqa mila hai yahan ke gharib logon ka ilm nahi hota.

Zakat ke muntaqali is waqt mazid zour pakad jati Hai jab mulazimat wale mulq se zakat apne asli mulq me iske rishtedaron aur azeez wa aqarib me taqsim ki jani ho.

5۝. Sawal: Kya zakat-ul-Fitr Eid se do hafte qabal ada karna jayez hai, taake inki sahih tarah madad hosake?  Zakat-ul-Fitr miqdaar kitni hogi?

Ramzan ke aakhri din ka Suraj ghurub hone se fitrana wajib ho jata hai, aur ise eid ki namaz se qabal ada karna zaruri hota hai, taham zaruriyaat ke bina par do teen din pahle bhi ada kiya ja sakta hai.

Chunanche mazkurah Bala bayan ke baad: Eid se aik ya do hafte qabal fitrana ada karna jayez nahi hai.

Lekin agar aapko andesha ho ke fitrana Eid ke waqt tak nahi pahunch payega to aap itna pahle bhej sakte hai ke asani se matluba jagah pahunch jaye, chahe ramzan se pahle hi kyun na bhejna pade, Ap is ke liye kisi motamad (معتمد; Trustworthy) shakhs ko zimmedari sounp den, ke woh ap ke fitrane ki raqam se anaaj kharid le, aur muqararah waqt se pahle iski adayegi mat karen.

Aur maali zakat jaise ke pahle bhi guzar chuka hai ke Ramzan ya Gair-Ramzan se iska koi taluq nahi hai, balke jab bhi nisab tak Maal pahunch jaye, aur is par saal bhi guzar Jaye to iski zakat nikalna wajib ho jayega.

Aur agar ek saal hone me abhi ek maah se kam wa besh muddat baqi ho, aur sahab e maal zakat dena chahe to iske liye apne maal ki advance zakat dena jayez hai, bashartiya ke advance zakat ada karne ki zarurat bhi ho.

6۝. Sawaal: Kya mai meri zaati car, gharelu samaan, biwi ka zaati zewar ki bhi zakat ada karun, jaise ke mere walid sahab ne mere bhaiyou ko kaha hai ke nifs makan ki registration mere naam karwana chahate hai.

Naqdi paison me zakat ki farziyat ke liye do sharton ka paya Jana zaruri hai.

1- Maal nisab Taj pahunchta ho

2 - Nisab par aik saal bhi guzar chuka ho.

Chunanche agar maal nisab se kam hai to is par zakat wajib nahi hogi.

Lehaza jab maal nisab tak pahunch jaye, aur nisab tak pahunchne ke baad is par ek hijri saal bhi guzar Jaye to is waqt zakt wajib hogi.

Aur isme se zakat ke liye 2.5% (dhai fisad) Diya jayega.

Aur apke zaati istemaal me aane wali car, aur rehaish par kisi qisam ki zakat nahi Hai.

Aur aapke walid mohtaram apni milkiyat mai se khuch bhi apke naam register karwa sakte hai, isme koi harh nahi. Haan agar aapke walid ke aapke alawah bhi bete hai to inhe nazar andaaz karte hue sirf aapko dena jayez nahi hai, balke sab ke darmayaan adal karte hue barabari ki bunyaad par sab ko dena zaruri hai.

Aur agar aapke Bhai aapke liye walid ki taraf se karwai Jane wali registration par baghair kisi jhijhak aur jabar ke razi hain, to aapke walid ke liye inki raza mandi se aapke naam kisi bhi cheez likhwa dene me koi harj nahi mai.

Wallahu alam

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Allah ham sab ko Deen sikhne aur sikhane ki taufeek de. aameen.

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Apne Zimme Kharch Wajib Waale Shakhs Ko Zakat Dena Jayez Nahi

Main Aurat hu aur apne mulk ke alawa kisi aur mulk me rahti hu. Mere 7 bache hai mai har baras  apni walidah ko jo ki Morocco me rahti hai  fitrana irsaal karti hu, ilm me rahe ke unka kharch bhi mai hi bardasht karti hu, kya is ke liye Zakat jayez hai ya Nahi?

Alhamdulillah..

Ulema e Karaam ka ittefaq hai ke farz zakaat jisme fitrana bhi shamil ho kisi aise shakhs ko deni jayez nahi jiska kharch bhi sahib e zakaat ke zimme ho jaisa ke walidain aur aulaad.

Al-Mudawwanah(1/344) mei darj hai.

Imaam Malik r.h. ka qaul hai : "Aap apne in rishtedaaron ko zakaat mat dein jinka kharch aap ke zimme hai."

Al-Shaafai'i r.h. ne al-Umm(2/87) mei kaha:

"Aur (apne maal ki zakaat) walid walidah aur dada dadi, nana nani ko mat de."

Ibn Qudaamah r.h. ne al-Mughni(2/509) mei kaha,

"Aur farz zakaat mai se walidain aur walidain ke walidain yani dada, nana aur dadi, nani , chahe jitne bhi upar ki nasal me ho mat de, aur na hi aulaad aur pooto aur nawason ko.

Ibn al-Mundhir r.h. kahte hai :

"Ahle ilm is par muttafiq hai ke walidain ko is halat me zakaat deni jayez nahi jab walidain kharch ke mohtaj ho aur aulaad par inka kharch lazim ho, kyunke inhe zakaat dene ki zaroorat me wo akhrajaat se mustaghni ho jayenge aur ye zakaat dene wale se sakhit hojayenga, aur is zakaat ka faida zakaat dene wale ko hoga, chunanche ye toh aise hi hua ke isne zakaat apne aap ko hi di isliye ye jayez nahi, bilkul is tarha ke wo is zakaat se apna qarz utaarde."

Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen r.h. se darj zail sawaal daryaaft kiya gaya: "Aqrab'a wa rishtedaaron ko fitrana dene ke bare mei kya hukm hai" ?

Sheikh ka jawaab tha, "Rishtedaar wa aqeab'a ko fitrana aur zakaat deni jayez hai, balke kisi aur ko dene ki bajaye rishtedaaron ko dena zyada behtar hai ; kyunke rishtedaron ko dena sadqa bhi hai aur sila rahmi bhi. Lekin isme shart ye hai ke iski adaegi mei apne maal ka bachao aur himayat na ho, ye isme ke jab ye faqeer jise wo zakaat de raha hai iska nafaqa aur kharch zakaat dene wale par wajib hota ho, toh is halat mei iski kisi zarurat ko poora karne ke liye zakaat dena jayez nahi.

Kyunke agar wo aisa karta hai tou isne zakaat ada karke apna asal maal bachaya hai jo iski zarurat poora karne ke liye kharch hona tha aur ye jayez aur halaal nahi.

Lekin agar iska kharch zakaat dene wale par wajib nahi toh wo ise zakaat de sakta hai, balke ise zakaat ada karna kisi door wale shakhs ki zakaat dene se afzal wa behtar hai kyunke Nabi kareem ﷺ ka farmaan hai,  "Aap ka apne qareebi shakhs ko sadqa dena sadqa bhi hai aur sila rahmi bhi".

Is bina par walidah ko zakaat deni jayez nahi, balke ap zakaat ke alawa maal se apni walida par kharch kare.

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Zakat Ke Maali Saal Ke Dauraan Hasil Hone Wale Maal Ki Zakat

Sawal: Zakat ke liye mo'atabar maal nisaab pura hone ke waqt wala maal hoga ya ek saal guzarne ke baad maujood maal mo'atabar hoga? Ya'ani agar nisaab pura hone ke waqt maal ki miqdaar 10000 thi aur ek saal guzarne ke baad maal ki miqdaar 50000 hogayi to ab in dono maal se kounsa maal zakat nikalne ke liye mo'atabar hoga?

Alhamdulillah..

Naqdi noto me zakat wajib hone ke liye do cheezo ka hona shart hai:

Pahli baat: Nisaab ke barabar ho.

Duwwam: Nisaab ke barabar Raqam par ek saal guzar jaye.

Chunanche agar maal nisaab se kam ho, to us me zakat wajib nahi hai. Chunache agar maal Naisaab ke barabar ho aur us par ek Qamri(hijri) saal bhi guzar jaye to us waqt us par Zakat waajib hogi.

Aur Nisaab ye hai ke, naqdi raqm 85gm Sona, ya 595gm Chandi ke barabar ho.

Is Nisaab ki Zakat ada karne ke liye chaliswa hissa yaani 2.5% dena zaruri hai.

Dusri baat:

1000 ki Miqdaar me maal Nisaab ke barabar hojaye aur fir saal mukammal hone tak ye maal badh kar 5000 hojaye to is ki zakat kaise dega?

Is me kuch Tafseel hai:

۩1. Agar ye Izafa, Asal (ra'asul maal) ke Nafe ki wajah se hua hai, ya'ani 1000 ki sarmaya kaari ki hui thi, to is me 4000 ka munafa hua toh use saal ke Aakhir me saare maal ki zakat Deni hogi kyunke Nafaa, Asal ke ta'abe hota hai.

۩2. Aur agar ye izafaa Asal maal ki wajah se nahi hua balke Wirasat, Tohfa ya kisi cheez ke faroqht karne ki waja se ya phir kisi aur tareeqe se aaya hai to us ki Zakat ke liye alag saal shumar hoga jo ke is Izaafi maal ke, Apke milkiyat me aane se shuru hoga, aur agar Aap is izaafi maal ki zakat pahle wale 1000 ke saath dena chahe to ye Ap ki taraf se is izafi maal ki zakat advance ada hojayegi jis me koi harj wali baat nahi hai.

۩3. Basa'auqaat Izaafa hone wala maal batadreej haasil hota hai, maslan", Insan ki bachat se ye izafa hua, har maah 500 bachaye, to saal ke aakhir tak uske paas 4000 hogaye, to is Surat me aap ko ikhtiyaar hai ke Ap saare maal ki ikhatti zakat ada kare.

To is Surat me Ap us raqam ki zakat waqt se pehle ada kar denge, jis par abhi ek saal nahi guzra, aur agar har maah hasil hone wale maal ke liye alag se saal shumar karte hai to ye bhi jayez hai lekin is me Ap ko hisab rakhne me mashaqqat hogi, kyunke is tarah se aapko saal me kai baar zakat ada karni padegi.

Wallahu Aalam.

source:- Islamqa

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Rishtedaro Ko Sadaqah Dene Ke Ahkaam

hi    

Ristedaro Ko Sadaqah Dene Ki Sirf Ijazat Hi Nahi Hai Balki Unko Sadaqah Dene Ka Ajar Dugna Hai.

۩ Hazrat Abdullah bin Masud r.a. ki biwi Zainab r.a. se riwayat hain ki Rasoolullah ﷺ ne ek khutbe main khas taur par aurto ko mukhatib karke farmaya: "Aye Khawateen! Tumko chahiye ki rah e Khuda main sadka kiya karo, agarche tumko apne zewrat main se dena pade. Aagey Zainab r.a. bayan karti hain ki maine jab huzur ﷺ ka ye irshad suna toh main apne shohar Abdullah bin Masud r.a. ke pass ayi aur maine unse kaha: RasulAllah ﷺ hum aurto ko khas taur se sadaqe ki takid farmayi hain aur main ye chahti hu ki mere pass jo kuch hain rah e Khuda main kharch karne ki sahadat hasil karu aur tum bhi tang haal aur khali haath ho, Ab tum RasulAllah ﷺ ki khidmat main hazir hokar daryaft karo ki agar main tumko hi de du toh kya mera sadaqah ada ho jayega? Agar mera tumko dena sahi hain toh tumko hi dedugi warna dusre zarurt mand par kharach karugi, woh kahti hain ke Abdullah ibne Masud r.a. ne mujh se kaha, tum khud hi jakar Huzur ﷺ se daryaft karo.

Main khud gyi waha pahuchi toh dekha ansar mai se ek aurat apke darwaze par khadhi aur uski garaz bhi wahi hain jo meri garaz hain, wo bhi yahi masla malum karne ke liye hazir hui thi.

Aur Rasoolullah ﷺ ne ek khas bait di thi jis ki wajah se har ek ko aapse rubaru baat karne ki jurrat nahi hoti thi isiliye hume khud apke qarib pahuch kar puchne ki himmat nahi hui. Itne main aapke khas khadim aur moazin Hazrat Bilal r.a. bahar nikle hum dono ne unse kaha ki aap RasulAllah ﷺ ki khidmat main arz kijye ke do aurte darwaze par khadi hain aur Aap se ye puchna chahti hain ke agar wo apne zarurtmand shoharo aur yatimo par jo khud unki god main parwarish payi hain sadaqa kare toh kya sadaqa ada ho jayega? Aur humko is sadaqe ka sawab milega? Aur unko ye na batana ki hum kaun do aurte hain.

Hazrat Bilal r.a. Aap ﷺ ki khidmat main hazir hue aur un dono aurto ka sawal aapki khidmat main arz kiya. Aap ﷺ ne pucha wo koun aurte hain? Hazrat Bilal r.a. ne arz kiya ek aurat toh Ansar main se hain aur dusri Zainab hain. Aapne pucha kaun si Zainab?

Hazrat Bilal r.a. ne arz kiya Abudullah bin Masud r.a. ki biwi Zainab. Ap ne farmaya, "Haa!" Unke sadaqe ada ho jayege balki is surat main unko dohra sawab milega ek to sadaqe ka aur dusra sila rehmi ka sawab.

Sahih al Bukhari, kitab az zakat (24), hadees-1466.

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Allah se dua hai ki woh hame zyada se zyada sadaqah ada karne ki taufeek ata farmaye. aameen.

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Zakat al Fitr

۩ Rasool Allah ﷺ Ne Zakat-Ul-Fitr Ko Har Muslaman Mard, Aurat, Budhe, Bachche Par Farz Kiya Hai.

(Sahih Al Muslim, Hadees 984)

۩ Koi Bi Cheez Jo Insan Khane Ke Liye Istemal Karta Hai, Jaisa Ke Barley, Khajoor, Gyahu Wagera Zakat-Ul-Fitr De Sakte Hai.

(Ibn e Khuzaimah, Hadees 4/80)

۩ Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen Ne Iski Miqdaar Ek Shaks Se 1 Saa Yani 2kg-100gm Batayi Hai.

Fataawa al-Zakaah, p. 274-276. 

۩ Zakat-Ul-Fitr Khane Ki Cheez (Gyahu, Anaaj, Khajoor) Hi Dena Chahiye, Paisa Dena Sunnat Se Sabit Nahi, Aap (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) Ne Sirf Khane Ki Cheez Hi Di Thi.

(Majmu Fatawa Bin Baz:14/208)

۩ Zakat-Ul-Fitr Sirf Gharibo, Muhtajo, Misqeeno, Bewaho Ko Dena Chahiye, Taaki Wo Bhi Eid Ki Khushiya Mana Sake, Khaa-Pee Sake, Zakatul Fitr Ko Muhtajo Ke Ilawa Kisi Aur Ko Dena Jayaz Nahi Hai.

۩ Rasool Allah ﷺ Ne Zakatul Fitr Ko Farz Kiya Taaki Rozedar Se Roze Ki Halat Me Jo Koi Fuzul Baat Sarzad Ho Gayi Ho, Wo Us Se Paak Ho Jaye Aur Misqeeno Ko Khana Mesar Aa Jaye.

(Mishkat Shareef 1/570)

۩ Rasool Allah ﷺ Ne Farmaya, “Zakat-Ul-Fitr Garibo, Misqino, Muhatajo Ka Haq Hai, Eid Se Pehle Un Tak Pahunch Jaye Toh Wo Muhatajgi Se Bach Jayenge.”

(Sunan Ibn e Majah, Hadees 1872)

۩ Zakat-Ul-Fitr Ko Eidgah Jane Se Pehle (Yani Eid-Ul-Fitr Ki Namaz Ada Karne Se Pehle) De Dena Chahiye, Isko Ada Karne Me Taqeer Nahi Karna Chahiye, Jaise Ke Eid Ki Namaz Ke Baad Dena Ya Eid Ke 5, 10 Din Pehle Dena Bhi Jayaz Nahi Hai.

۩ Eid Ke 1 Ya 2 Din Pehle Zakat-Ul-Fitr Dena Jayaz Hai.

(Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadees 1827)

۩ Rasool Allah ﷺ Ne Farmaya:

Jisne Eid Ki Namaz Ke Baad Zakat-Ul-Fitr Diya, Uska Farz Ada Nahi Hua, Usko Nafil Sawab Milega, Ye Uski Taraf Se Sirf Sadqa Hoga.

(Sunan Abu Dawood, Hades 1622)

۩ Zakat-Ul-Fitr Ada Karne Ka Faida:

1. Ye Ek Tarah Ka Kaffara Hai Jo Rozo Ki Halat Me Hum Se Hua, Jaise Ke Galatiyan, Khotahiyan, Fuzul Baatein.

2. Ye Behtareen Zariya Hai Garibo Ki Muhatajgi Door Karne Ke Liye.

3. Eid Ke Barkat Wale Din, Gharib Bheeq Maang Ne Se Bach Jayenge.

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Agar Sone Ke Alawa Koi Cheez Ki Milkiyat Nahi, To Kya Sona Farokht Karke Sone Ki Zakat Ada Ki Jayegi?

 

Agar Sone Ke Alawa Koi Cheez Ki Milkiyat Nahi, To Kya Sona Farokht Karke Sone Ki Zakat Ada Ki Jayegi?

Q: Mere paas sone(gold) ki itni miqdaar hai jis ki zakath ada karni wajib hai. Lekin zakath ki adayegi ke liye mere paas sone ke alawah kuch nahi.. kya main kuch sona farokhth kardu?

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Jawab:

Jis ki milkiyat me Nisab ke mutabiq sona ho, jo 85 gm hai aur us par saal mukammal hone par us ki zakath nikalna wajib hai jo 2.5% hai. Chahe ye sone se nikali jaye ya use farokht karne ke baad us ki qeemat se ya us ke alawa kisi dusri Raqm se. Aur is liye ke aap sone ke alawah kisi cheez ki malik nahi. To aap is sone se zakath ada karein aur agar koi ek (aap ka walid ya bhai ya khawind ya koi aur) aap ki jaanib se zakath ada karta hai to ye bhi jayez hai aur is ka ajr bhi hasil hoga.

Shaikh Ibn e Baaz kahte hai:  Zakat zewar ki malikah ke zimmeh hai aur agar iska khawind ya koi aur us ki janib se us ki ijazat se zakath ada karta hai to is me koi harj nahi aur sone se zakath nikalna wajib nahi. Jab bhi saal mukammal ho to is ki qimat se zakath nikalna kaafi hai aur saal pura hone ke waqt sone aur chandi ki jo qimat hogi us hisab se zakath ada kardi jaye.

Fatawa Islamiya ( 85/2).

Shaikh ibn Uthaymeen se sawal daryaft kiya gaya:

"Zaib o Zeenat ke liye tayyar kardah sone ki zakath hai? Aur agar Sone ko farokht kiye baghair zakath ada na kar sakte ho to kya kare?"

Jawab:

Ulma e karam ke aqwaal me se sahih aur mere nazdeek rajeh ye hai ke jab zewar nisab ko pohch jaye jo 85 gm hai to is par zakath wajib hai aur agar us ke paas maal ho aur wo us maal se uski zakath ada kare to is me koi harj nahi. Aur agar us ki janib se us ka khawind ya koi qareebi rishtedaar ada kare to is me koi harj nahi aur agar dono hi na hosake to phir sone me se kuch sona farokht karke zakath ada karde. Ho sakta hai baaz log ye kahe ke hum aisa karte rahe us aurat ka zewar hi khatm hojayega aur us k paas kuch bachega hi nahi. Is ke jawab me hum ye kahenge ke ye sahi nahi kyun ke sona nisaab se kum hojaye chahe thoda hi kum hua ho to us me zakath wajib nahi hoti to is waqt us ke paas zewar bachega jise wo pehen sakti hai.

Majmuaa fatawa ibne Uthaymeen (138/18).

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Kya Zewar Ki Zakaat Me Naye Soone(gold) Ki Qeemat Lagayi Jayegy Ya Istemaal Shuda Sone Ki?

Kya Zewar Ki Zakaat Me Naye Soone(gold) Ki Qeemat Lagayi Jayegy Ya Istemaal Shuda Sone Ki?

Zewar ki zakat mutalliq kiya mai ise sunaar ke paas le jakar iski qeemat lagwaon ya ise sone ki qeemat ke hisab se Zakaat ada karoon? Sunaar mujhe iski qeemat kam denge kyunki ye istemaal shuda soona hai lekin soone ka rate zyada hota hai?

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Jawab:

Jab nisaab mukammal hojaye jo ki 85 gram sona hai, is par saal guzar jaye to is me se (adhayi)2 1/2 fisad ke hisaab se zakaat nikalni wajib hojaty hai, ya iski keemat se zakaat nikaly jaye, iski qeemat se wo qeemat muraad hai, jis me istemaal shuda sonaa faroqht hota hai, aur ye qeemat ghaliban naye sone ki qeemat se kam hoty hai, zakaat wajib hone ke waqt iski qeemat lagwa kar zakaat ada karde.

Shaikh ibn e Uthaymeen (rh) kahte hai aur is bina par hum us aurat ke paas maujood sone ki qeemat ka andaza lagayenge, chahe jisme isne qhareda hai ya is se kam ya zyaada,aur is iske istemal shuda sone ki qeemat ka andaza lagaya jayega aur is se adhayi feesad zakaat nikali jayegy, yaani:40 mese ek 1,lehaza 100riyal mese adhai 2 1/2 riyal ,aur 1000 me se 25riyal, aur isi hisab se iska tareeqa ye hai ke iski qeemat ko 40 par taqseem kardiya jaye aur is taqseem se hasil hone wala jawab zakaat hogyy, to is tarah aap bari uz zimma ho sakte hai, aur aag ke azab se use chutkara mil jaye gaa,aur use koi nuksaan nahi hogaa.

Shaikh (rh): se daryaft kiya gaya kya Zewar ki zakaat qeemat qhareed par hogy ya ke har saal zakaat nikalne ke waqt maujooda qeemat par?

To Shaikh ka jawab tha: Zewar ki zakaat har saal wajib hoty hai, zakaat qeemat qhareed par nahi balke saal mukammal hone ke waqt jo qeemat hogy us ke hisab se zakaat ada ki jaye gi, farz kare agar kisi aurat ne 10hazar(10,000)riyal me zewar khareeda aur jab us par saal mukammal hua to uski qeemat sirf (5000) 5 hazar riyal reh gayi to wo sirf 5 hazar riyal ki zakaat ada karegy, aur agar iske bar'aks qeemat hojaye to zakaat bhi iske bar'aks hogy, lehazaa jab isne zewar 5 hazar riyal me qareeda aur saal mukammal hojaane par iski qeemat 10 hazar riyaal ho chuki thy to zakaat 10 hazar riyal ke hisab se ada ki jayegy, kyunke ye wojub ka waqt hai, Allah taala hi taufeeq bakahshne wala hai.

Maqooz az majmoo fatawa Shaikh ibn e Uthaymeen (18) q no (58,81).

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